Showing posts with label Blues. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Blues. Show all posts

Friday, 3 July 2015

10:44 Yer Blues (pt. 2) Renewing The Blues



According to John Lennon Yer Blues (like I'm So Tired) was part of the “last batch of best songs”* he wrote with the Beatles, even though he also viewed it as a self-conscious attempt at Blues that bordered on parody.

All four members squeezed into “a room about eight by eight, with no separation” next door to the control room to lay down the basic track. So it's probably no surprise such unfriendly working conditions produced such a horrible sounding, badly-played track. Paul is using a Fender Jazz Bass for once but his leaden playing sound like early Alice Cooper at his most witless, George & John's solo are both saddled with super-wobbly 'wasp-in-a-jam-jar' tones. Even the tape edit at 3:17 is obvious and brutal, hacking into the '12 bar' sequence after 10 1/2 bars to splice in an earlier take ruined by clearly audible guide vocals bleeding all over the drum track. Only Ringo escapes with honour, skilfully navigating the time changes like Keith Moon with a restraining order.


But despite the recording and performance being well under-par there's a lot of interesting things in the songwriting itself.

New Blues Hues

One of the biggest challenges in doing blues is to do something new fresh with a well worn, constricted and predictable form.

Lennon tackles this head on by

  • Augmented a straight 4/4 or shuffle with odd time signatures and tempo changes (see the previous post) 
  • Departing from the stock 12 bar chord progressions
  • Substituting cosmically existential, and wittily referential, lyrics for the usual gritty 'here and now' everyday problems


As for chords, a standard blues turnaround in E would be

B7 | A | E | B7

Lennon's turnaround is essentially

G | B7 | E A | E B7

While the lasts two bars are a common substitution, flipping B7 for G and then switching the A with B7 really takes the blues in a new direction (literally, replacing the descending B7 to A with the ascending G to B7).

Lyircally, when people 'wanna die' in the blues, it's usually because of unfaithful partners and bad business deals (plus the occasional brush with the devil at the crossroads). Lennon takes things to a whole new level with lines like

My mother was of the sky
My father was of the earth
But I am of the universe
And you know what it's worth

Note this is the second white album song that is written for Yoko, about Lennon's mother, that mentions the sky.

My Mother was of the sky (Yer Blues)
Her hair of floating sky is shimmering (Julia)

Though it's slightly unusual for a blues to reference a song by another artist it's even rarer for the Beatles to quote anyone other than themselves.

Feel so suicidal just like Dylan's Mr Jones

is a reference to Bob Dylan's "Ballad of a Thin Man" from the Highway 61 Revisited album.

And Finally

Like most blues songs this doesn't use all 7 notes in the key (Ticket 40) and has a static melody over changing chords (usually the I and IV chord) (Ticket 48). The band stopping to emphasise lyrics (1:01) is also common but no less effective for it (Ticket 30)

The guitar lick that is the highpoint of every turnaround is a cool hook that is an irreplaceable part of the song (Ticket 3). Taken in isolation as triads it's

B – A – G#m – Gm – F#m.

If you're looking at it as upper part of the B chord it's

B – B11 – B6 sliding into B9.


*Rolling Stone interview with Jann Wenner (8 Dec 1970)


Links

Monday, 29 June 2015

10:43 Yer Blues (pt. 1) John Got (No) Rhythm



...Or The Art Of The 12.333 Recurring Bar Blues

John was a brilliant rhythm guitarist, despite the fact that he didn't have any real sense of timing

Ringo Starr: Rolling Stone

I dig the people that notice that I have a sort of strange rhythm scene, because I've never been able to keep rhythm on the stage. I always used to get lost. It's me double off-beats

John Lennon: Rolling Stone

John Lennon was too much of a free spirit and had too short of an attention span to be locked down to anything as mundane as a time signature. And for someone like that the only options are to function largely as a solo artist (in the Robert Johnson/John Lee Hooker mould), where you're free to add or subtract beats as you feel, or hope you find a band charmed by your talents and technically able to follow and interpret your whims. Every rhythmical idiot savant needs a group of geniuses with the patience to spot and interpret his genius. In the Beatles Lennon found his perfect support group. Johnny Lennon and the Enablers would have been a great name for the band.

Yer Blues, like Happiness Is A Warm Gun, is an important song because it reveals what Lennon's maverick approach to counting could produce when indulged

The 'fake' count in reveals* Lennon envisioned the song as a very slow 12/8 time. Making it a 6 bar blues. But the 5th bar has two extra 8th notes

12/8   E | E | A | E |
14/8   G B7 |
12/8   E A E B7 |

How you subdivide that 5th bar is up for grabs – 6/8 and 8/8? 12/8 then 2/8? But the genesis is clear. Lennon's just delaying the next bar to allow the guitar lick and the vocal line to finish. This is the essence of the Lennon Extension (Ticket 52). There is a way to keep to 12/8 by slightly overlapping the guitar and vocals. And many bands would have forced their rhythmically challenged singer into it. But all credit to the Beatles for having the guts to their wayward genius be.

So if this is a 6 bar oddity, why does it feel like a 12 bar blues? Well, if you hear it as 6/8 instead of 12 you can immediately see the standard progression take shape.

6/8   E | E | E | E |
6/8   A | A | E | E |
6/8   G |
8/8   B7 |
6/8   E A | E B7 |

Four bars on the tonic (I) chord two on the subdominant (IV) back to the tonic for two (I) then a four bar turnaround. Replace G - B7 with B7 - A and lose the rhythmic shenanigans and we could be playing any of a million blues songs. As it is Lennon adds a 3rd of a bar making this a 12 and 1/3 bar blues, or if you prefer 12.333 recurring bar blues.

In the 3rd and 4th verses Lennon introduces more rhythmic weirdness. The first four bars (sticking to our 12 bar template) switch to double time. Millions of songs double (or halve) time with no sense of crunching gear change.

So 1  +  2  +   3  +  4  +

becomes 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

but in 12/8 or 6/8 each beat is divided into three

1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 + a

so the new double-time beat is falling in between the + and the 'a'. This makes the switch from one to the other very tricky to pull off - kudos to Ringo here who uses his fills in bar four to ease the band back into the half time feel of bars 5-12. In the 5th verse the band never switches back, remaining at the double-time tempo right through the solos.

All this makesYer Blues an important song for using polyrhythms (Ticket 29) and changing time signatures between sections (Ticket 15).

PS

The Ocean by Led Zeppelin has a number of things in common with this song.

  • Odd time signatures
  • A change in feel to straight ahead shuffle after a very noticeable tape edit
  • A reference to old timey music connected with the shuffle (Lennon: “Even hate my rock and roll” Plant: “Doo-wop be dooby dooby”)
  • Ending in a fade out (rare for Zep – very rare for Beatles)
  • A vocal count in

* Lennon's count in is the third fake one we've come across – both I Saw Her Standing There and Taxman have count-ins spliced in from different takes just for effect.

More on Yer next time...



Links

Monday, 22 June 2015

For Yer Blues




Was [Yer Blues] deliberately meant to be a parody of the English blues scene?

John Lennon: Well, a bit. I'm a bit self-conscious — we all were a bit self-conscious and the Beatles were super self-conscious people about parody of Americans which we do and have done. I know we developed our own style but we still in a way parodied American music... there was a self-consciousness about singing blues. We were all listening to Sleepy John Estes and all that in art school, like everybody else. But to sing it was something else.


Rolling Stone interview with Jann Wenner (8 Dec 1970)



Links

Monday, 19 January 2015

10:40 Back In The USSR (pt 3) Blues Clues


Not only is Back In The USSR blues-influenced, it's a short step away from being a 12 (give or take a few) bar blues. Instead of the original chords

A D C D
A D C D
A C D D
A E

try singing the verse and chorus over a 12 bar pattern

A D A A
D D A A
E D A E

The melody and harmony reinforce the blues style ambiguity. The blusified melody (Ticket 22) created from the minor pentatonic scale (A C D E almost exclusively) implies A dorian when heard over the D major chord. The A major root chord (not A minor) clearly heard in the piano part suggests A mixolydian. The E7 chord (Ticket 65) in the intro and bridge pulls us towards A major. This 'modal' feel (“we're definitely in A but we just can't settle on a scale”) is what the blues is all about.

The melody itself is odd. The verse starts on an unstable 4th (just like Day Tripper) and rocks back and forth between the 4th and the equally unstable b3rd. That's D and C natural repeated over an A major chord which contains C#.

The Chorus itself is the least catchy part of the track, overly syncopated and rushed, perhaps to accent the play on words (is it “I'm backing the USSR”?) but using the same turnaround on the chorus (0:30) and bridge (1:08) and dropping out to accent the key lyric on the last line of the chorus are nice touches (see Tickets 41 and 30).

Next up: Wild Honey Pie

Tuesday, 29 July 2014

Ticket 35: Use 12 Bar Long Sections In Non 12 Bar Blues Songs



Most song sections are 8, 16 or even 32 bars long. Try writing one that's 12 bars. The connection with the blues can subconsciously take the edge off the weirdness.

Don't Bother Me
Don't Pass Me By
Fool On The Hill
I'm So Tired

See also

Private Investigations (Dire Straits)

Ticket 19: Different Bar Blues
Ticket 33: Subvert A 12 Bar Blues By Altering The Chord Sequence
Ticket 34: Disguise A 12 Bar Blues Song By Avoiding The AAB Lyric Structure

See the full list of songwriting tips here - Tickets To Write

Monday, 28 July 2014

Ticket 34: Disguise A 12 Bar Blues Song By Avoiding The AAB Lyric Structure


One of the things that makes the traditional version of the 12 bar blues so easy to spot is repeating the first line then answering it with a rhyming third line (eg Yer Blues or Killing Floor by Howlin' Wolf). So muddy the waters ... by avoiding that cliché.

For You Blue
I'm Down
One After 909
Paperback Writer
She's A Woman
The Ballad Of John And Yoko
The Word
Why Don't We Do It In The Road
You Can't Do That

also

Guitar Man (Elvis Presley)
Johnny Be Goode (Chuck Berry)
Peggy Sue (Buddy Holly)
Run Rudolph Run (Chuck Berry)
Surfin' USA (Beach Boys)
Tush (ZZ Top)

See also

Ticket 19: Different Bar Blues
Ticket 33: Subvert A 12 Bar Blues By Altering The Chord Sequence
Ticket 35: Use 12 Bar Long Sections In Non 12 Bar Blues Songs


See the full list of songwriting tips here - Tickets To Write

Friday, 25 July 2014

Ticket 33: Subvert A 12 Bar Blues By Altering The Chord Sequence


A standard version of the 12 bar blues chord progression is

I    I    I I      (example in E)   E E  E E
IV IV I I                                A A E E
V   V I I                                 B B E E


A more complex variation would be

I    IV   I I7            E A   E E7
IV IV7 I I7           A A7 E E7
V  IV   I V7          B A   E B7


But even with these alterations, this is such a traditional form that the listener is fully aware of what to expect as early as the fifth bar. So moving chords around or substituting new ones can keep the form fresh. The most common application of this songwriting trick is to mess with the turnaround (the last four bars).

eg

Can't Buy Me Love

I    I    I    I       C C C C
IV IV I    I       F F C C
V  IV IV I       G F F C

or

Stuck In The Middle With You

I    I             I   I      D D       D D
IV IV          I   I      G G       D D
V, bVII IV, I   I      A, C G, D D


Can't Buy Me Love - verse
Christmas Time (Is Here Again)
Day Tripper
I Want You (She's So Heavy)
I'm Down
Little Child - solo
One After 909
Paperback Writer
The Word
Yer Blues


see also

Bodhissatva (Steely Dan)
Flying In A Blue Dream (Joe Satriani)
Jesus Just Left Chicago (ZZ Top)
New, New Minglewood Blues (Grateful Dead)
Peggy Sue (Buddy Holly)
Pretzel Logic (Steely Dan)
Roll Over Beethoven (Chuck Berry)
Stuck In The Middle With You (Stealer's Wheels)
The Forecast (Calls For Pain) (Robert Cray)
Victim Of Changes (Judas Priest)
Voodoo Chile (Slight Return) (Jimi Hendrix)


Other examples would be one chord songs like Baby, Please Don't Leave Me (Buddy Guy), Boogie Chillen' (John Lee Hooker) and field holler songs.

See also

Ticket 19: Different Bar Blues
Ticket 34: Disguise A 12 Bar Blues Song By Avoiding The AAB Lyric Structure
Ticket 35: Use 12 Bar Long Sections In Non 12 Bar Blues Songs

See the full list of songwriting tips here - Tickets To Write

Thanks to T.C. Elliott, Mike Louis Griebel and Nancy Rost on the BSA forum and Aaron Krerowicz for examples

Further reading Aaron Krerowicz: 12 Bar Blues in Beatles Music


Wednesday, 19 February 2014

Ticket 19: Different Bar Blues


Because the majority of blues have a standard 12 bar structure it hard not to become entirely predictable when writing one. Adding or subtracting bars is a great way to freshen things up just as your listeners are being lulled into a false sense of security.

Bad Boy
Christmas Time (Is Here Again)
Come Together
Day Tripper
I Me Mine
I Saw Her Standing There
I Want You (She's So Heavy)
I'm Down
One After 909
Revolution
The Ballad Of John And Yoko
Yer Blues

also

Almost (Blues Brothers)
Black Country Woman (Led Zeppelin)
Bodhissatva (Steely Dan)
I Want To Break Free (Queen)
I'm Your Hoochie Coochie Man (Muddy Waters)
Jesus Just Left Chicago (ZZ Top)
Kiss (Prince)
Mission Impossible Theme (Lalo Schifrin)
Oh, Pretty Woman (Albert King)
Pony Blues (Charlie Patton)
Pretzel Logic (Steely Dan)
Riverboat Song (Ocean Colour Scene)
Rock And Roll Music (Chuck Berry)
Subterranean Homesick Blues (Bob Dylan)
The Forecast (Calls For Pain) (Robert Cray)
Trigger Happy (Weird Al Yankovic)
Victim Of Changes (Judas Priest)
Voodoo Chile (Slight Return) (Jimi Hendrix)
Watermelon Man (Herbie Hancock)
Neck Tie (Michelle Shocked)

and

Eight-bar blues like Sitting on Top of the World, Key to the Highway and Heartbreak Hotel

Many old country blues and folk songs, especially by solo guitarists like John Lee Hooker and Robert Johnson have seemingly random numbers of bars.

See also

Ticket 33: Subvert a 12 bar blues song by changing the chord sequence
Ticket 34: Disguise a 12 bar blues song by avoiding the AAB lyric structure
Ticket 35: Use 12 bar long sections in non 12 bar blues songs

See the full list of songwriting tips here - Tickets To Write

Further Reading

The 12 Bar, 13 Bar, 14 Bar Blues
The 12 Bar Blues In Beatles Music Part 2

Thanks to Nancy Rost, T.C. Elliott, Aaron Krerowicz